Citing Sources

There are several methods of citing sources. The following examples are in two styles: MLA (Modern Language Association) which is preferred by the Language Arts techers, and APA (American Psychological Association), preferred by the science department.

Books With One Author
To cite books with one author, the following information should be supplied:
  • Author or editor
  • Title of book
  • Publisher
  • Place of publication
  • Date of publication
MLA Style

Fleming, Thomas. Liberty!: The American Revolution.

New York: Viking, 1997.

APA Style

Fleming, T. (1997). Liberty!: The American Revolution.

New York: Viking.


Books With More Than One Author:
To cite books with more than one author, the following information should be supplied:
  • Authors or editors
  • Title of book
  • Publisher
  • Place of publication
  • Date of publication
MLA Style

Sennett, Richard, and Jonathan Cobb. The Hidden Injuries of Class.

New York: Vintage Books, 1972.

APA Style

Sennett, R., and Cobb, J. (1972). The hidden injuries of class.

New York: Vintage Books.

Magazine Articles:
To cite magazine articles, the following information should be supplied:
Journal Articles:
To cite journal articles, the following information should be supplied:

MLA Style

Brown, Erella. "The Lake of Seduction: Silence, Hysteria, and the

Space of Feminist Theatre." JTD: Journal of Theatre and Drama 2 (1996): 175-200.

APA Style

Brown, E. (1996). The lake of seduction: Silence, hysteria,

and the space of feminist theatre. JTD: Journal of Theatre
and Drama, 2, 175-200.
Newspaper Articles
To cite newspaper articles, the following information should be supplied:
  • Author of article
  • Title of article
  • Name of newspaper
  • Date of publication
  • Section, page and column location of article

MLA Style

Holden, Stephen. "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless

Stylist of Pop." New York Times 16 May 1998, natl. ed.: A1+.

APA Style

Holden, S. (1998, May 16). Frank Sinatra dies at 82:

Matchless stylist of pop. The New York Times, pp. A1,
A22-A23.
Interviews
To cite an interview, the following information should be supplied:
  • Interviewee's name
  • Interviewer's name
  • Date conducted
  • Name of collection
  • Name of depository
  • Depository's location
MLA Style

Elloie, Pealie Hardin. Interview with Kate Ellis. Rec. 15 July 1994.

Audiotape. Behind the Veil: Documenting African-American in the Jim Crow South. Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Lib., Duke U.


APA Style

Elloie, P.H. (Speaker). (1994). Interview with K. Ellis. (cassette

recording). Behind the veil: Documenting African-American life
in the Jim Crow South. Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special
Collections Library, Duke University.


WWW Sources
To cite files available for viewing or downloading via the Web, the following information should be supplied:
  • Author (if known)
  • Title of work
  • Group responsible for the site (if applicable)
  • Date site was last updated
  • The full "http" address (URL)
  • The date of the visit, in parenthesis
MLA Style

Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site. 3 Oct. 2001.

National Park Service. 19 Oct. 2001
<http://www.nps.gov/abli>


APA Style

National Park Service. (2001, October 3). Abraham Lincoln

Birthplace National Historic Site.Retrieved October 19, 2001, from

http://www.nps.gov/abli/

Citing Within a Paper

MLA Style

The modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines require that you cite the quotations, summaries, paraphrases, and other material used from sources within parentheses typically placed at the end of the sentence in which the quoted or paraphrased material appears. The parenthetical method replaces the use of citational footnotes. These in-text parenthetical citations correspond to the full bibliographic entries found in a list of referenes at the end of your paper. (Note that the titles of works are underlined rather than placed in italics.)

APA Style

The American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines require that you use parenthetical citations to document quotations, paraphrases, summaries, and other material from a source used in your paper. These in-text citations correspond to the full bibliographic entries found in a list of references included at the end of your paper.